HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIAGRAM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIAGRAM

Q1. Draw the diagram of human digestive system?

Green heritage excursion

Vrikshdaan

Green heritage excursion creating awareness about environment conservation n love for Nature Siri fort urban forest, at August Kranti Marg new Delhi

 As a part of an environmental initiative called “Vrikshdaan”  we would  conduct a set of activities with an aim to promote environmental consciousness among students. Vrikshdaan goes much beyond the idea of saving a tree and builds upon the idea of creating a “Swachh and Swasthya Bharat”. It is an ideology that will inculcate the sense of responsibility and concern among each child towards their environment. It also will build upon the need to promote sanitation and hygiene behaviors among adolescents and youth and will motivate them to ensure the health of the environment by checking water, air and soil pollution.

Imparting environmental consciousness to school children, who can play a vital role as change agents, at an early stage, is the key to address the rising global environmental concerns and their initiatives can contribute to make a difference at an individual level. Through Vrikshdaan, students will make informed decisions and bring changes in their behavior and attitudes that will create an enabling environment to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

• Learning objectives of Science

• TO develop inquiring minds and curiosity about science and the natural world
• To acquire knowledge, conceptual understanding and skills to solve problems and make informed decisions in scientific and other contexts
• To develop skills of scientific inquiry to design and carry out scientific investigations and evaluate scientific evidence to draw conclusions
• To communicate scientific ideas, arguments and practical experiences accurately in a variety of ways
• To think analytically, critically and creatively to solve problems, judge arguments and make decisions in scientific and other contexts
• To appreciate the benefits and limitations of science and its application in technological developments
• To understand the international nature of science and the interdependence of science, technology and society, including the benefits, limitations and implications imposed by social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and ethical factors
• To demonstrate attitudes and develop values of honesty and respect for themselves, others, and their shared environment.

• TO describe and discuss ways in which science is applied and used to solve local and global problems
• TO describe and evaluate the benefits and limitations of science and scientific applications as well as their effect on life and society
• TO discuss how science and technology are interdependent and assist each other in the development of knowledge and technological applications
• TO discuss how science and its applications interact with social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and ethical factors.

WELCOME TO THE NEW SESSION

Note-Students you must paste the syllabus in your notebook

SCIENCE (Code No. 086)

Class: IX and X (2019-20)

The  subject  of  Science  plays  an  important  role  in  developing  well-defined  abilities  in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in children. It augments the spirit of enquiry, creativity, objectivity and aesthetic sensibility.

Upper primary stage demands that a number of opportunities should be provided to the students  to  engage  them  with  the  processes  of  Science  like  observing,  recording observations, drawing, tabulation, plotting graphs, etc., whereas the secondary stage also expects abstraction and quantitative reasoning to occupy a more central place in the teaching and learning of Science. Thus, the idea of atoms and molecules being the building blocks of matter makes its appearance, as does Newton’s law of gravitation.

The present syllabus has been designed around seven broad themes viz. Food; Materials; The World of The Living; How Things Work; Moving Things, People and Ideas; Natural Phenomenon and Natural Resources. Special care has been taken to avoid temptation of adding too many concepts than can be comfortably learnt in the given time frame. No attempt has been made to be comprehensive.

At this stage, while science is still a common subject, the disciplines of Physics, Chemistry and Biology begin to emerge. The students should be exposed to experiences based on hands on activities as well as modes of reasoning that are typical of the subject.

General Instructions:

1.  There will be an Annual examination based on entire syllabus.

2.  The annual examination will be of 80 marks and 20 marks shall be for Internal

Assessment.

3.  The components of Internal Assessment would be:

a.  Periodic Assessment of 10 marks that would include:

•    For 5 marks- Three periodic tests conducted by the school. Average of the best two tests to be taken. This will have a weightage of 05 marks towards the final result.

•    For 5 marks- Diverse methods of assessment as per the need of the class dynamics and curriculum transaction. These may include- short tests, oral test, quiz, concept map, etc. This will also have a weightage of 05 marks towards the final result.

b.  Practical / Laboratory work should be done throughout the year and the student should maintain record of the same. Practical Assessment should be continuous. There will be weightage of 5 marks towards the final result. All practicals listed in the syllabus must be completed.

c.  Portfolio to be prepared by the student- This would include classwork, other sample of student work, self-assessment and peer-assessment. This will carry a weightage of 5 marks towards the final results.

COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS IX

(Annual Examination)                                     Marks: 80

Unit No.	Unit	Marks	Periods
I	Matter - Its Nature and Behaviour	23	50
II	Organization in the Living World	20	45
III	Motion, Force and Work	27	60
IV	Our Environment	06	15
V	Food; Food Production	04	10
	Total	80
	Internal assessment	20
	Grand Total	100

Theme: Materials                                                                                                (50 Periods) Unit I: Matter-Nature and Behaviour

Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics  - shape, volume, density; change of state-melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.

Nature of matter: Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.

Particle  nature,  basic  units:  Atoms  and  molecules,  Law  of  constant  proportions, Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept: Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.

Structure of atoms: Electrons, protons and neutrons, valency, chemical formula of common compounds. Isotopes and Isobars.

Theme: The World of the Living                                                                      (45 Periods) Unit II: Organization in the Living World

Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus,

chromosomes - basic structure, number.

Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:

Structure  and functions  of  animal  and  plant  tissues  (only four  types  of  tissues  in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).

Biological Diversity: Diversity of plants and animals-basic issues in scientific naming, basis of classification. Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups of plants (salient features) (Bacteria, Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features) (Non-chordates upto phyla and chordates upto classes).

Health and Diseases: Health and its failure. Infectious and Non-infectious diseases, their causes and manifestation. Diseases caused by microbes (Virus, Bacteria and Protozoans) and their prevention; Principles of treatment and prevention. Pulse Polio programmes.

Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas                                                      (60 Periods) Unit III: Motion, Force and Work

Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, derivation of equations of motion by graphical method; elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Newton’s laws : Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of Momentum.

Gravitation: Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth

(gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall.

Floatation: Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy; Elementary idea of

Relative Density.

Work, energy and power: Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy.

Sound: Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and SONAR. Structure of the Human Ear (Auditory aspect only).

Theme: Natural Resources: Balance in nature                                              (15 Periods) Unit IV: Our Environment

Physical resources: Air, Water, Soil. Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures; movements of air and its role in bringing rains across India.

Air, water and soil pollution (brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the probable damages.

Bio-geo chemical cycles in nature: Water, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen.

Theme: Food                                                                                                          (10 Periods) Unit V: Food Production

Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use

of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.

PRACTICALS

(30 Periods)

Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes. (LIST OF EXPERIMENTS)

1.     Preparation of:

a)        a true solution of common salt, sugar and alum

b)        a suspension of soil, chalk powder and fine sand in water

c)        a colloidal solution of starch in water and egg albumin/milk in water and distinguish between these on the basis of

     transparency

     filtration criterion

     stability

2.     Preparation of

a)        A mixture

b)        A compound

using iron filings and sulphur powder and distinguishing between these on the basis of:

(i)       appearance, i.e., homogeneity and heterogeneity

(ii)      behaviour towards a magnet

(iii)     behaviour towards carbon disulphide as a solvent

(iv)      effect of heat

3.     Separation of the components of a mixture of sand, common salt and ammonium

chloride (or camphor).

4.     Perform the following reactions and classify them as physical or chemical changes:

a)        Iron with copper sulphate solution in water

b)        Burning of magnesium ribbon in air

c)        Zinc with dilute sulphuric acid

d)        Heating of copper sulphate crystals

e)        Sodium sulphate with barium chloride in the form of their solutions in water

5.     Preparation of stained temporary mounts of (a) onion peel, (b) human cheek cells & to record observations and draw their labeled diagrams.

6.     Identification of Parenchyma, collenchyma and Sclerenchyma tissues in plants, striped, smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides. Draw their labeled diagrams.

7.     Determination of the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water.

8.     Verification of the Laws of reflection of sound.

9.     Determination of the density of solid (denser than water) by using a spring balance and a measuring cylinder.

10.    Establishing the relation between the loss in weight of a solid when fully immersed in

a)     Tap water

b)     Strongly salty water with the weight of water displaced by it by taking at least two different solids.

11.    Determination of the speed of a pulse propagated through a stretched string/slinky(helical spring).

12.    Study of the characteristics of Spirogyra, Agaricus, Moss, Fern, Pinus (either with male or female cone) and an Angiospermic plant. Draw and give two identifying features of the groups they belong to.

13.    Observe the given pictures/charts/models of earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and bird. For each organism, draw their picture and record:

a)     one specific feature of its phylum.

b)     one adaptive feature with reference to its habitat.

14.   Verification of the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction.

15.    Study of the external features of root, stem, leaf and flower of monocot and dicot plants.

COURSE STRUCTURE: CLASS X

(Annual Examination)

Marks: 80

Unit No.	Unit	Marks	Periods
I	Chemical Substances-Nature and Behaviour	25	55
II	World of Living	23	50
III	Natural Phenomena	12	23
IV	Effects of Current	13	32
V	Natural Resources	07	20
	Total	80
	Internal assessment	20
	Grand Total	100

Theme : Materials                                                                                              (55 Periods) Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a  balanced  chemical  equation,  types  of  chemical  reactions:  combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction.

Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+  and OH–  ions,

General properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching  powder, Baking soda, Washing soda  and Plaster of Paris.

Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Carbon  compounds:  Covalent  bonding  in  carbon  compounds.  Versatile nature  of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups  (halogens,  alcohol,  ketones,  aldehydes,  alkanes  and  alkynes),  difference

between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.

Periodic  classification  of  elements:  Need  for  classification,  early  attempts  at

classification of elements (Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves,

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table), Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency,

atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.

Theme: The World of the Living                                                                 (50 Periods) Unit II: World of Living

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and

excretion in plants and animals.

Control  and  co-ordination  in  animals  and  plants:  Tropic  movements  in  plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones. Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health-need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution.

Theme : Natural Phenomena                                                                           (23 Periods) Unit III: Natural Phenomena

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification.

Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index.

Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula

(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.

Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses.

Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life.

Theme: How Things Work                                                                                (32 Periods) Unit IV: Effects of Current

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor,  Fleming’s  Left  Hand  Rule,  Electric  Motor,  Electromagnetic  induction. Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, Electric Generator, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Theme: Natural Resources                                                                              (20 Periods) Unit V: Natural Resources

Sources of energy:  Different forms of  energy, conventional  and non-conventional sources of energy: Fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy; Nuclear energy. Renewable versus non-renewable sources of Energy.

Our  environment:  Eco-system,  Environmental  problems,  Ozone  depletion,  waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. Management  of  natural  resources:  Conservation  and  judicious  use  of  natural resources. Forest and wild life; Coal and Petroleum conservation. Examples of people’s participation  for  conservation  of  natural  resources.  Big  dams:  advantages  and limitations; alternatives, if any. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.

PRACTICALS

Practical should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1.      A.       Finding the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator:

(i)       Dilute Hydrochloric Acid

(ii)      Dilute NaOH solution

(iii)     Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution

(iv)     Lemon juice

(v)      Water

(vi)     Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution

B.       Studying the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) on the basis of their reaction with:

a)      Litmus solution (Blue/Red)

b)      Zinc metal

c)       Solid sodium carbonate

2.      Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into:

A.         Combination reaction

B.         Decomposition reaction

C.         Displacement reaction

D.        Double displacement reaction

(i)       Action of water on quicklime

(ii)      Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals

(iii)     Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution

(iv)     Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions

3.      Observing the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions:

i)      ZnSO4(aq) ii)      FeSO4(aq) iii)     CuSO4(aq)

iv)      Al2 (SO4)3(aq)

Arranging Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result.

4.      Studying the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I)

passing through it and determine its resistance. Also plotting a graph between V and I.

5.       Determination of the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series and parallel.

6.      Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.

7      Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.

8      Study of the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid):

i)         odour

ii)        solubility in water

iii)       effect on litmus

iv)       reaction with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

9       Study of the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water.

10     Determination of the focal length of:

i)         Concave mirror

ii)        Convex lens

by obtaining the image of a distant object.

11     Tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result.

12     Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides.

13     Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass prism.

14     Finding the image distance for varying object distances in case of a convex lens and drawing corresponding ray diagrams to show the nature of image formed.

15     Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red kidney bean).

PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

        Science-Textbook  for class IX-NCERT Publication

        Science-Text book for class X- NCERT Publication

        Laboratory Manual-Science-Class IX, NCERT Publication

        Laboratory Manual-Science-Class X, NCERT Publication

        Exemplar Problems Class IX – NCERT Publication

        Exemplar Problems Class X – NCERT Publication

1)        Board Examination –Theory

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN Class: IX AND X (2019-20) Subject: Science (086)

Maximum Marks: 80                                                                                         Duration   :   3 Hours

Sr.	Typology of Questions	Objective	SA	LA	Total
No.		Type *	(03 marks)	(05 marks)
		(01 mark)
1	Remembering:     Exhibit     memory     of	07	02	01	22.5%
	previously  learned  material  by  recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers.
2	Understanding: Demonstrate	04	02	02	25%
	understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas
3	Applying: Solve problems to new situations by   applying   acquired   knowledge,   facts, techniques and rules in a different way.	04	01	02	21.25%
4	Analyzing and Evaluating: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations Present and defend opinions by making judgments  about  information,  validity  of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria.	05	02	01	20%
5	Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a	-	03	-	11.25%
	new    pattern    or    proposing    alternative
	solutions.
	Total	20 (20)	10 (30)	06 (30)	100%

All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of approximately 33% would be provided.

2)   Internal Assessment: 20 Marks

        Periodic Assessment – 05 marks + 05 marks

        Subject Enrichment (Practical Work) – 05 marks

        Portfolio – 05 marks

Note: Objective Section would have 10 MCQ. Besides this, the section would include VSA, Assertion-Reasoning type questions etc.